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    "https://community.emergingthreats.net/t/ruleset-update-summary-2023-09-07-v10412/926",
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    "https://github.com/eSentire/iocs/blob/main/EarthKapre/EarthKapre-RedCurl-IoCs-02-05-2025.txt",
    "https://twitter.com/k3yp0d/status/1708495262673465713",
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}
